atomes Divisions

BIOXY S is a powdered product that generates peracetic acid in water. BIOXY S was formulated to sanitize surfaces in contact with food, reservoirs, C.I.P. evaporators, fillers, aseptic equipment and pasteurisers found in dairies, wineries, breweries, and food, beverage and meat processing and packaging plants. Use BIOXY S to sanitize water reservoirs. BIOXY S is also used in medidal and dental clinics as a chemical sterilant.

Directions for Use

Use BIOXY S on previously cleaned equipment. Use at a concentration of 0.2% (2 g BIOXY S in 1 liter of water ; or 20 g BIOXY S in 10 liters of water; or 200 g BIOXY S in 100 liters of water ). This concentration of 0.2% yields 200 ppm of active peracetic acid. Allow a 0.2% solution to circulate at 5-400C (40-1050F) and keep in contact for at least 60 seconds. Drain. Do not rinse with water (active ingredients break down into water, oxygen and vinegar). BIOXY S can be used from a concentration ranging from 0.2% up to 2%. BIOXY S at 2% (20 g/L) concentration is considered as a chemical sterilant.

Properties:

• Appearance: White powder
• Odour: Mild
• Solubility: Complete

BROAD SPECTRUM BIOCIDES FROM TAED ACTIVATED PEROXIDE

Introduction

Effective microbial growth control requires the use of broad spectrum biocides which are both safe to use and environmentally benign. These demands, and the prohibitive cost of developing new biocidal actives, combine to promote the use of highly effective agents with a proven history of environmental acceptance and safety. In this context, the peracid precursor, T.A.E.D. (tetraacetyl ethylene diamine) is used extensively to activate peroxide and deliver broad spectrum microbicidal activity across a range of domestic, clinical and industrial applications.

Of the many classes of antimicrobial agents currently in use those based on peroxygen are potentially the most environmentally acceptable. However, existing peroxygen actives either lack rapid efficacy (e.g. hydrogen peroxide) or are potentially hazardous to use (e.g. preformed peracetic acid). This paper describes how BIOXY S / T.A.E.D. activation overcomes these problems enabling the promise of peroxygen based biocides to be realised.

BIOXY S / T.A.E.D. Activated Peroxygen as a Biocide

In comparison to many widely used biocides, peracetic acid has numerous advantageous properties, possessing rapid broad spectrum biocidal activity even at low temperatures and in the presence of soil. As delivered, however, preformed peracetic acid is unstable, potentially explosive, highly acidic and as a consequence highly corrosive. These properties make products containing peracetic acid difficult to formulate for long term storage stability and difficult to handle and transport.

In contrast, reacting T.A.E.D. with a peroxygen source at near neutral pH provides a non-hazardous means of generating peracetic acid in situ (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Reaction of T.A.E.D. with Peroxide under near-neutral conditions

Performance Advantages

Non-hazardous and safe to use
As all the reaction components are non-toxic and non-sensitising, BIOXY S based biocides are exceptionally safe to use. Unlike preformed peracetic acid, chlorine, or glutaraldehyde, solutions of BIOXY S release no irritating fumes or unpleasant odours and require minimal PPE.

Environmentally friendly

The system has a proven history of environmental acceptance as the reaction components readily degrade to produce innocuous by-products in the environment. This allows solutions to be easily and safely disposed of into the water supply.

Non-corrosive

As the strong oxidant can be generated and stabilised under neutral conditions the corrosive effects of acidic, preformed, peracetic acids can be mitigated.

Tailored peracid release

By manipulating the reaction chemistry the rate of peracetic acid release can be effectively tailored to the application. Systems can be formulated to give an efficient and rapid release profile, which is a prerequisite for biocidal-applications requiring short contact times. Alternatively, a slow sustained peracid release can be produced for those applications requiring continuous or residual activity.

Formulation flexibility

In its simplest form BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated peroxide provides a means of generating peracetic acid in-situ and hence avoids the negatives associated with pre-formed peracetic acid products. In addition, since strong oxidant is only generated upon dissolution or reaction, the use of BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated systems allows the inclusion of otherwise non-bleach stable actives to enhance biocidal performance or biofilm/soil removal. This allows both cleaning and disinfection to be achieved in a single operation.

These benefits have enabled the introduction of BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated biocides into the domestic, clinical and industrial environments with minimal hazard to the user.

Broad spectrum microbicidal efficacy

BIOXY S delivers effective broad spectrum activity over a wide range of conditions, including varying pH, temperature and soil loading. As a consequence, the system has found use in a range of biocidal products. For example, BIOXY S activated denture cleaners provide effective kill against oral pathogens. In the medical arena, the sterilisation of surgical equipment can be rapidly accomplished to ensure the safety of staff and patients. While BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated laundry and automatic dish wash products provide high level hygiene performance in the domestic and I&I sectors.

The system has proven Tuberculocidal, Pseudomonacidal and anti-Candidal activity. As an example of bactericidal activity, Figure 2 shows the effect of ppm levels of BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated peroxide against L. pneumophila. The omission of T.A.E.D. from the peroxide containing solution resulted in the complete loss of activity. While a moderate increase in the concentration of both actives was found to give complete kill in less than 30 seconds.

Sterilant activity

BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated peroxide formulations have been shown to be highly sporicidal at 20°C, delivering complete kill of a Log 7 inoculation of B. subtilis endospores within 5 minutes. This level of performance is sufficient to substantiate cold sterilant claims and ensure the complete destruction of endospores and viruses. In addition, the use of BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated peroxygen for chemothermal sterilisation would deliver effective sporicidal and virucidal activity at low levels of active.

Soil tolerance

Soil is invariably present when biocidal activity is required and soil tolerance is an important consideration in the selection of an effective biocidal system. Unlike many widely used commercial biocides, BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated peroxide remains active in the presence of high soil levels. An effect which is clearly illustrated below, Figure 3, for a number of bacterial species. This soil tolerance is in part due to the sustained generation of biocidal species and partly to the ability of peracetic acid to remain biocidally active in the presence of soil. The robust nature of BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated peroxide is in contrast to chlorine based biocides, whose performance is severely quenched by the presence of soil.

BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. is traditionally formulated with a persalt to form solid, concentrated, products with long shelf lives. This simplifies the logistics of transportation and storage while minimising packaging and removes the need for specialist handling/safety equipment.

Products may take the form of readily soluble powdered formulations which generate biocidal solutions for immediate use. Alternatively, concentrated solutions of peracetic acid may be produced from such formulations by dissolution in, for example, a holding tank. Such solutions, pre-reacted to produce stable peracetic acid, may then be used over several working days. BIOXY S/ T.A.E.D. activated formulations may also be readily formed into tablets or extruded products for the long-term, sustained release of actives.

CLINICAL STERILANT

Peracetic acid is a highly effective broad spectrum biocide used in a wide range of applications. However the highly corrosive and flammable nature of pre-formed peracetic solutions causes many problems with handling and transportation. In addition the use of co-actives in pre-formed peracetic solutions is not possible. Such problems are overcome by generating peracetic acid in-situ using BIOXY S. The resultant solutions are non-corrosive and as peracetic acid is only generated upon dissolution, a wide range of co-actives can be incorporated to further enhance biocidal and cleaning performance.

BIOXY S delivers rapid sporicidal and virucidal activity and are highly effective against a wide range of noscomial infection causing microorganisms including MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.

BIOXY S has significant advantages compared to other leading clinical sterilants. They are microbiologically superior to glutaraldehyde and as previously mentioned, offer considerably more flexibility and safety in use than pre-formed peracetic solutions. The graph below illustrates the peracid release profile of the formulation upon dissolution when dosed at 27g/litre in warm water. Formulations dosed at this level are highly sporicidal at 20°C, giving a Log 7 reduction of B. subtilis endospores within 5 mins – performance sufficient to substantiate cold sterilant claims. If required, the peracid release of the formulation can be tailored to meet the application needs.

WATER TREATMENT

Peracetic acid is a highly effective broad spectrum biocide used in a wide range of applications. However the highly corrosive and flammable nature of pre-formed peracetic solutions causes many problems with handling and transportation. In addition the use of co-actives in pre-formed peracetic solutions is not possible. Such problems are overcome by generating peracetic acid in-situ at the point of use by using BIOXY S. The resultant solutions are non-corrosive and as peracetic acid is only generated upon dissolution, a wide range of co-actives can be incorporated to further enhance biocidal and cleaning performance.

The powdered formulation of BIOXY S has been developed for use as a disinfectant in a variety of water treatment applications. These include cooling towers, paper production plants, air conditioning units and swimming pool disinfection.

Products based on this technology deliver rapid biocidal, algaecidal and fungicida activity and are highly effective against a wide range of pathogens including, Legionella pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They are also effective in the removal and prevention of biofilms.

The graph below illustrates the efficacy of a BIOXY S / TAED activated formulation similar to the one above (dosage 0.1g/litre) against Legionella p. at 20°C. Along with powders, formulations can be dosed in tablet and sachet format. Peracid release profile can be tailored to meet application needs. For example, a rapid release can be generated when a knock down kill is required or a slower release sustainable over a period of several days can be provided where longer term activity is necessary.

CLINICAL STERILANT

Peracetic acid is a highly effective broad spectrum biocide used in a wide range of applications. However the highly corrosive and flammable nature of pre-formed peracetic solutions causes many problems with handling and transportation. In addition the use of co-actives in pre-formed peracetic solutions is not possible. Such problems are overcome by generating peracetic acid in-situ using BIOXY S. The resultant solutions are non-corrosive and as peracetic acid is only generated upon dissolution, a wide range of co-actives can be incorporated to further enhance biocidal and cleaning performance.

This powdered formulation has been developed for use as a clinical sterilant or disinfectant – dependent on dosage. Products based on this technology deliver rapid sporicidal and virucidal activity and are highly effective against a wide range of noscomial infection causing microorganisms including MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.

BIOXY S / TAED activated products have significant advantages compared to other leading clinical sterilants. They are microbiologically superior to glutaraldehyde and as previously mentioned, offer considerably more flexibility and safety in use than pre-formed peracetic solutions.

The graphs below illustrate the peracid release profile and pH profile of the formulation upon dissolution when dosed at 16g/litre in warm water (35°C). Formulations dosed at this level are highly sporicidal at 20°C, giving a Log 7 reduction of B. subtilis endospores within 5 mins – performance sufficient to substantiate cold sterilant claims. If required, the peracid release of the formulation can be tailored to meet the application needs. Peracid release in cold de ionised (20°C) water is also shown.

MEASUREMENT OF PERACETIC LEVELS

Levels of peracetic generated can be monitored in two ways, via iodometric titration or the use of analytical test strips. The test strips are manufactured by Merck and provide a rapid, convenient semi-quantative method of determining peracetic levels (two formats available, 5-50 ppm and 100-500ppm).