Pulp & Paper Division

Waste & Wastewater Treatment Division PowerPoint

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Water and Wastewater Treatment Division PDF

List of problems caused by impurities in water

Problems:

Carryover of feedwater into stream, produce Carbon Dioxide in stream leading to formation of carbonic acid (acid attack)
Primary source of scale in heat exchange equipment.
Causes boiler and water line deposits.
Corrosion of water lines, boiler, return lines, heat exchanger equipments, etc. (oxygen attack).
Corrosion occurs when pH drops below 8.5
Corrosion
Scale in boilers and cooling water systems

Common chemical treatment method

Neutralizing amines, filming amines, combination of both and lime-soda.
Lime softening, phosphate, chelates and polymers.
Phosphate, chelates and polymers
Oxygen scavengers, filming amines and deaeration.
pH can be lowered by addition of acids and increased by addition of alkalies
Chlorination
Lime softening

BOIL KLIN S

Boiler water treatment. Scale & corrosion inhibitor

FOR COOLING TOWERS

The big picture of cooling tower water treatment chemicals is the control of scale, corrosion, microbiological activity, and foaming. Scale can lead to heat exchanger inefficiency, plugged tubes, inadequate flow, and underdeposit corrosion. Corrosion can reduce the operating life of cooling equipment and increase maintenance costs. Microbiological activity can lead to reduced heat exchanger efficiency, plugged tubes, inadequate flow through the cooling tower fill, under-deposit corrosion, etc.

Typical cooling tower treatment chemicals are listed below:

Biocides: for microbiological control.
- Oxidizing biocides (bleach, bromine, chlorine gas, BCDMH, calcium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, ozone) or our patented BIOXY S
- Nonoxidizing biocides (isothiazolin, gluteraldehyde, DBNPA, MBT) or our unique POLY QUAT
Scale Inhibitors: to protect heat transfer surfaces and cooling system from scale.
- Phosphates (sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, TKPP)
- Phosphonates (HEDP, AMP, PBTC)
- Polymers (polycarboxylates, polyacrylates, polymaleic acid, maleic anhydride copolymer, acrylate/AMPS copolymer, acrylate/AMPS/sulfonated styrene terpolymer, acrylate/sulfonic acid/nonionic terpolymer) – many are dispersants too.

Corrosion Inhibitors: to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
- Phosphates (orthophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, TKPP)
- Phosphonates (HPA and others)
- Zinc
- Silicates
- TT (Tolyltriazole – for yellow metals)
- BZT (Benzotriazole – for yellow metals)
- Molybdate
Antifoams: surface-active chemicals that reduce foaming.
- Silicone and non-silicone blends

COOL T KLIN

Diverse anti-corrosion agents to provide corrosion protection in the cooling tower.

CLOSED LOOPS

For closed loops, the big picture of water treatment chemicals is to control corrosion and microbiological activity. Corrosion can lead to equipment failure and increased maintenance costs. Microbiological activity can lead to reduced heat exchanger efficiency, plugged tubes, and under-deposit corrosion.

Typical closed loop treatment chemicals are listed below:

Corrosion Inhibitors: to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
- Nitrites
- Zinc
- Silicates
- TT (Tolyltriazole – for yellow metals)
- BZT (Benzotriazole – for yellow metals)
- Molybdate
- Sulfite
- pH control (caustic, borates, etc.)
- VpCI (Volatile Phase Corrosion Inhibitors)
Biocides: for microbiological control.
- Nonoxidizing biocides (isothiazolin, gluteraldehyde, DBNPA, MBT, POLY QUAT)